Analyzing soil variability and water use efficiency in relation to variability of climate on tomato yields in Delta State, Nigeria

Nigeria's agriculture sector, crucial for the nation's economy, is already experiencing the effects of climate change. Notable impacts include unpredictable rainfall patterns and a decline in vegetable exports. Tomato farming, essential to Nigeria's horticultural industry, is particularly at risk due to its reliance on weather conditions. This study aims to assess the efficacy of soil and water management across various climates, examining how these elements impact tomato yields in Delta State. The study was conducted at the Federal College of Education (Technical) Demonstration Farm in Asaba, Delta State. To understand the development patterns of tomato cultivation and its water use efficiency, soil and climate data were collected and analysed. Soil samples were taken from three tomato-growing experimental plots at depths ranging from 0 to 60 cm using a soil auger. Standard analytical techniques were employed to evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics of these soil samples. The results showed that these traits positively affected tomato output and growth. During the growing season, irrigation methods were fine-tuned to match the tomato plants' growth stages. The timing and frequency of irrigation fluctuated according to the experimental design, while the total water supplied stayed uniform across treatments. Interestingly, a corresponding trend revealed that irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) rose as irrigation volume decreased. While the study area's climate is generally suitable for tomato cultivation, increasing temperatures could lead to heat stress risks. This finding holds great promise for the tomato industry, as managing water stress effectively not only saves water but also boosts the levels of beneficial compounds like sugars and antioxidants, thus enhancing both the flavor and nutritional quality of the fruit.