Scaphytopius Ball 1931

Genus Scaphytopius Ball Type species. Platymetopius elegans Van Duzee, 1890, by original designation (Ball, 1931). Diagnosis. Head usually angulately produced, acute apically in dorsal and lateral views. Anteclypeus elongate, broadening apically; frontoclypeus long and narrow, only slightly broadening upwards; lora large; ocellocular area narrow. Gena not incised laterally and visible behind eyes in dorsal view, Crown flat or slightly concave, usually longer than pronotum. Ocelli near eyes. Pronotum short and broad; lateral margins very short. Elytra with 3 closed subapical cells; costal area with numerous reflexed veinlets; appendix distinct. Macrosetae of fore tibia 1 + 4; of hind femur 2 + 2 + 1. Male genitalia: Pygofer sclerotized, not incised dorsally; side lobes with macrosetae; usually without appendages.Anal tube short and broad, sclerotized. Valve very large, elliptical. Genital plates triangular, macrosetae if present uniseriate. Connective usually W or U-shaped, stem short or absent. Stylus elongate; apophysis usually short, claw-like; basal part relatively narrow; preapical angle distinct. Penis symmetrical, often with appendages, pseudostyli or paraphyses; gonopore apical. Key to males of Scaphytopius of Costa Rica 1. Clavus, scutellum, mesonotum, pronotum, and basal 2/3 of crown sulfur yellow (Fig. 11X)................ S. sulphureus – Clavus, scutellum, mesonotum, pronotum, and basal 2/3 of crown with varied colors, but never sulfur yellow............ 2 2. Forewing transparent, pronotum yellowish white, anterior half of crown yellow, and posterior half yellowish white (Figs. 11E, 12E, 13E). Only known from Cocos Island........................................................ S. biflavus – Forewing, pronotum, and crown with varied colors and patterns, but never as above................................ 3 3. Pronotum and crown scarlet red (Figs. 11V, 12V)........................................... S. scarlatum sp. nov. – Pronotum and crown with varied colors, but never scarlet red.................................................. 4 4. Forewing veins red (Figs. 11F, 12F). Pygofer in lateral view with a long, thin, spine-like projection at apex (Fig. 2D).......................................................................................... S. caprensis sp. nov. – Forewing veins brown (Figs. 11J, U, 12J, U), black (Figs. 11P, AB, 12P, AB), or translucent (Figs.11O, 12O), but never red. Pygofer in lateral view without a long spine-like projection at apex (Fig. 2D)..................................... 5 5. Clavus with 3 large semicircular pale yellow spots that, when the wings are united in dorsal view, form 3 large spots, one after the other (Figs. 11Y, 12Y)................................................................ S. trisolis sp. nov. – Clavus without large semicircular spots or pale yellow spots that form the pattern described above.................... 6 6. Face entirely black (Figs. 13H, K, AA, AB, AC), or at least with frontoclypeus, anteclypeus and lorum entirely black (Fig. 13 AC). Apex of frontoclypeus with two transverse white bands forming an inverted V (Fig. 13 AA).................... 7 – Face not entirely black (Figs. 13N, T), but of varying shades of yellowish (Figs. 13A, B, J, Z) or brownish (Figs. 13C, D, I, O, T). Apex of frontoclypeus with or without spots or bands on apex............................................. 11 7. Pygofer in lateral view with a thin, short spine-like projection at apex (Fig. 8D); crown dark brown with two longitudinal black bands in center (Fig. 8A); in dorsal view with six or more white circular spots in clavus area (Fig. 8A).... S. webbi sp. nov. – Pygofer with a rounded apex (Figs. 9E, G, P), without any spine-like projection; crown light brown, with two longitudinal white bands in center, merging into a single band at apex (Fig. 7G); in dorsal view with fewer than six white circular spots in clavus area (Fig. 4A)........................................................................................ 8 8. Style apophysis in dorsal view with a spine on inner margin (Figs. 3D, 8K); in lateral view dorsal apodeme shorter than shaft (Figs. 3E, 8L)........................................................................................ 9 – Style apophysis in dorsal view without a spine on inner apex (Fig. 4D, 7J); in lateral view dorsal apodeme longer than shaft (Figs. 4E, 7K)...................................................................................... 10 9. Paraphyses diverging slightly before half their length in dorsal view (Fig. 3D), apex of paraphyses without small lateral spine in dorsal view; gonopore area of aedeagus in apical view with a dorsal spine of similar length to lateral spines (Fig. 3F).......................................................................................... S. cyma sp. nov. – Paraphyses diverging slightly beyond half their length in dorsal view (Fig. 8K), apex of paraphyses with a small lateral spine in dorsal view; gonopore area of aedeagus in apical view with a dorsal spine longer than lateral spines (Fig. 8M)............................................................................................ S. zurquiense sp. nov. 10. Style apophysis in ventral view with a square shape on inner margin (Fig. 4D); paraphyses diverging widely and abruptly beyond half their length in dorsal view, giving the appearance of an inverted U (Fig. 4D); dorsal apodeme with a slight curvature toward apex (Fig. 4E).......................................................... S. hansoni sp. nov. – Style apophysis in ventral view with a rounded shape on inner margin (Fig. 7J); paraphyses diverging moderately and gradually beyond half their length in dorsal view, giving the appearance of an inverted V (Fig. 7J); dorsal apodeme straight toward apex (Fig. 7K)............................................................................ S. vulcanus sp. nov. 11. Face dark yellow, yellow (Figs. 13J, M, P, R, W) or pale colored (Figs. 13A, B, S, U, Z); with spots (Figs. 13B, R, S, W), with partial spots (Figs. 13A, P, U, Z) or without spots (Figs. 13J, M), and without V-shaped transverse bands on apex of frontoclypeus....................................................................................... 12 – Face brownish to orange (Figs. 13C, D, G, I, L, N, O, Q, T); without spots and with V-shaped transverse bands on apex of frontoclypeus....................................................................................... 21 12. With paraphyses.................................................................................... 13 – Without paraphyses.................................................................................. 17 13. Paraphyses short and slender (Fig. 1D), apex with two small needlelike processes extended very little, without reaching base of shaft (Fig. 1D), the same length as shaft in ventral view; aedeagus with two lateral anchor-shaped spines at apex in ventral view (Fig. 1F)........................................................................ S. ancorus sp. nov. – Paraphyses elongated and slender; much longer than shaft in ventral view (Figs. 6D, 7D, 14I); aedeagus without anchor-shaped spines at apex....................................................................................... 14 14. Paraphyses with a wide lateral projection in the shape of a triangle in ventral view (Fig. 14M); anteapical and discal cells of forewings with conspicuous dark brown irregularly longitudinal spots (Fig. 12S).......................... S. osborni – Paraphyses without a wide lateral projection in the shape of a triangle in ventral view (Figs. 6D, 7D); anteapical and discal cells of forewings with small brown circular spots (Figs. 11W, Z, 12W, Z)........................................... 15 15. Paraphyses in ventral view straight and parallel (Fig. 14F 2), with small ventral notch before apex (Fig. 14F 1); aedeagus with preatrium as long as shaft (Fig. 14F 1)............................................................... S. latens – Paraphyses in ventral view crossing each other, forming an 8 shape (Figs. 6D, 7D), without notch before apex; aedeagus with absent preatrium (Figs. 6E, 7E)......................................................................... 16 16. Paraphyses in ventral view crossing beyond half their length, without bifurcation at apex (Fig. 6D); aedeagus with dorsal apodeme longer than shaft, in lateral view hammer-shaped with curved handle (Fig. 6E)............ S. springerae sp nov. – Paraphyses in ventral view crossing each other halfway, with slight bifurcation at apex, resembling open viper’s mouth (Fig. 7D); aedeagus with dorsal apodeme and shaft of similar length, in lateral view V-shaped with small internal spine at apex (Figs. 7E 1-E 2)............................................................................. S. viperans sp. nov. 17 Aedeagus in lateral view with a thin, curved shaft, with large or small spines at apex (Figs. 14E, J, L); in lateral view, shaft slightly longer than dorsal apodeme or similar in length..................................................... 18 – Aedeagus in lateral view with long, thin, straight shaft (Fig. 14B), with two small spines at apex; shaft much longer than dorsal apodeme........................................................................................... 20 18. Aedeagus in lateral view with thin, curved C-shaped shaft; with two prominent and long spines at apex projecting toward basal part of shaft (Fig. 14E)...................................................................... S. fuliginosus – Aedeagus in lateral view with a thin, curved V- or U-shaped shaft (Figs. 14J, L); with two very small spines at apex not projecting toward basal part of shaft..................................................................... 19 19. Aedeagus in lateral view with shaft V-shaped (Fig. 14J); dorsal apodeme shorter than shaft in lateral view (Fig. 14J). Face yellow wi