Typologization of Special Economic Zones in The Global Economic System: General Approaches and Principles

The article reveals the peculiarities of the official approach, as reflected in documents of international organizations and associations, and the doctrinal approach, as contained in the scientific studies of foreign and domestic specialists, to the the low-, medium- and high-cost components of global value chains. The proposed typology of special zones enables the most likely location of a zone within the typology to be determined at the design stage, as well as outlining trajectories and identifying programmatic tools for developing its foreign economic potential. It also allows the effects that the zone will generate to be predicted.typologization of special economic zones. Based on a critical analysis of these approaches, methodological principles for the typologization of special zones have been formulated. These principles take into account the following factors: first, the separate or joint realization of the zones’ potential; second, the evolution and qualitative transformation of different types of zones; and third, the interconnection between the development of zones and the priorities of the country’s national economic policy. The author has developed a typology of special zones, in which zones are differentiated depending on the presence and level of realization of their foreign economic potential (low, medium, or high). The article provides a brief description of the identified types of special zones, taking into account the strength of their connection with the foreign markets and their degree of integration into the low-, medium- and high-cost components of global value chains. The proposed typology of special zones enables the most likely location of a zone within the typology to be determined at the design stage, as well as outlining trajectories and identifying programmatic tools for developing its foreign economic potential. It also allows the effects that the zone will generate to be predicted.