Halal Ecosystem Development Strategy: Stakeholder Approach

This study aimed to explore the dynamics of halal ecosystem development in Indonesia through a stakeholder-based Pentahelix approach. The research focuses on interactions among key actors: government, business sector, academia, community, and media in establishing an inclusive, collaborative, and sustainable halal ecosystem at the regional level. The main problems addressed include low integration among stakeholders, limited halal literacy, and structural dependence on the government. This research employs a qualitative case study method conducted in three districts/cities in Central Java Province. Data collection techniques include semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, involving 27 informants from five stakeholder categories. The data analysis revealed five major themes: weak coordination among stakeholders, halal literacy gap, dependency on government, limited digital adoption, and differing stakeholder priorities. These findings affirm the relevance of stakeholder theory, resource dependence, and collaborative governance in the context of Indonesia’s halal ecosystem. The resulting conceptual model highlights the importance of integrating bottom-up and top-down approaches to build adaptive, participatory halal governance. The study concludes that the success of regional halal ecosystem development requires cross-sector coordination forums, digital-based halal education, and policies responsive to local contexts. Future research should consider quantitative validation of the proposed model and explore non-food halal sectors further.