CYTOTOXIC AND GENOTOXIC EVALUATION OF ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS STEM BARK EXTRACT USING THE ALLIUM CEPA ASSAY

The increasing reliance on medicinal plants has raised concerns about their safety, particularly with long-term use. Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) is widely recognized for its antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties; however, limited data exist on the toxicological risks associated with its stem bark, which is often used in traditional medicine. This study evaluated the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of A. heterophyllus stem bark extract using the Allium cepa assay. Root growth inhibition, mitotic index, and chromosomal aberrations were measured following exposure to different extract concentrations. Results showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of root growth and a reduction in mitotic index, accompanied by observable chromosomal abnormalities. These findings suggest that while A. heterophyllus stem bark possesses medicinal value, it may also pose cytogenotoxic risks at certain concentrations. The Allium cepa assay provided an efficient and cost-effective screening method, underscoring the need for further in vivo toxicological studies to ensure the safe use of this plant in therapeutic formulations.