THE ROLE OF FIRST LANGUAGE (L1) TRANSFER IN SECOND LANGUAGE (L2) ENGLISH ACQUISITION

This paper explores the role of first language (L1) transfer in the process of acquiring English as a second language (L2). Drawing on current theories and research in second language acquisition, the study examines both positive and negative aspects of language transfer. While L1 can facilitate learning through structural and lexical similarities, it can also hinder progress through interference and fossilization of errors. The paper discusses various types of transfer, including interlingual and intralingual, and highlights the cognitive, linguistic, and pedagogical factors that influence how L1 shapes L2 development. The findings suggest that a balanced and strategic use of the learner’s first language can support English acquisition, especially when integrated thoughtfully into teaching practices. Rather than viewing L1 influence as a barrier, this study argues for its potential as a valuable tool in fostering more effective and inclusive language learning environments.