Enhancing the Frequency Regulation in Hybrid Deregulated AGC Incorporating Modified 2DOF Cascaded Controller

This research aims to investigate how the intermittent character of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) is shown in Automatic Generation Control (AGC) in a hybrid restructured power system. In addition to two different energy sources thermal and bio plant in each control area, the power system under investigation includes verified real-time nonlinearities, such as boiler dynamics, Governor Dead Band (GDB), and Generation Rate Constraint (GRC). For both scheduled and unscheduled electricity under different contracts, such as poolco, bilateral transaction, and contract violation transactions. Three controllers PID, TIDN, and 2DOF(PI)-TDN (proposed) are incorporated across a variety of power transform model. Furthermore, RESs like wind and solar power plants are proposed as case studies. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is compared with the existing controller. To optimize the various gain parameters of the proposed controller, a modified version of the Opposition-based Crayfish Optimization Algorithm (OCOA) technique has been proposed. Different results and case study analysis was conducted under poolco-based transactions to verify the suggested controller's resilience and adaptability. IEEE-39 bus system is utilized to find the robustness of the proposed controller.