Structural and Functional Synergistic Collagen-Based Formula: in Vitro Characterization and Clinical Evaluation of Dermatological Outcomes

Introduction: Dermal fibroblasts senescence impairs collagen turnover and decreased hyaluronic acid (HA) levels increase dryness and weaken barrier integrity, contributing to skin aging. Hydrolyzed fish collagen has been shown to stimulate extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, promoting collagen synthesis and potentially reducing signs of aging. Aims: To characterize a synergistic formulation in vitro and assess its clinical effects on skin hydration and signs of ageing. Methods: Human dermal fibroblast proliferation was assessed after treatment with a nutraceutical mixture of active ingredients with expected synergistic effects, containing fish collagen and antioxidants, including HA, Coenzyme Q10, and Vitamin C (INDIBA Sicily Collagen). Type I and III collagen accumulation in the ECM was quantified by ELISA. Skin ageing-related gene expression was quantified by real-time PCR. A single center, prospective cohort study including 22 females (>35 years) assessed the effects of daily oral administration of the nutraceutical over 56 days on skin hydration, wrinkle density and number, and other dermatological parameters. Results: The synergistic formula significantly stimulated fibroblast proliferation, as well as HA, and collagen I and III production, with comparable effects to those of TGF-1. Clinically, the nutraceutical was well tolerated and led to a significant increase in skin hydration, but no wrinkle density or facial sagging improvement. Participants reported a high level of satisfaction, particularly regarding skin nourishment and moisturization. Conclusion: The synergistic formula stimulates fibroblast proliferation, HA, and collagen production, with increased skin hydration observed clinically. Further research is required to explore its longer-term anti-aging efficacy and potential as a woundhealing adjuvant.