Conformal dual band mm wave antenna design for vehicular 5G/6G integration

The integration of 5G and upcoming 6G communication systems into intelligent vehicles necessitates compact, high-performance antennas with enhanced beamforming capabilities. This paper presents the design, simulation, and performance evaluation of a conformal mmWave antenna for vehicular applications. Operating in both 28 GHz and 38 GHz bands, the proposed antenna features a flexible substrate for seamless integration on curved vehicle surfaces. Electromagnetic simulations in Ansys HFSS confirm high gain, low mutual coupling, and wideband performance, making it suitable for V2X (vehicle-to-everything) systems. The design demonstrates robust beam steering up to ±45° and gain exceeding 10 dBi. Additionally, we explore bending impact, array performance, and real-time integration scenarios.