Bioactive Alkaloids and Terpenoids in Sargassum spp.: A Detailed Study on Antimicrobial, Neuroprotective, and Cardiovascular Benefits

Abstract- This comprehensive study examines the therapeutic potential of alkaloids and terpenoids derived from Sargassumspp., a brown seaweed abundant along the Maharashtra coast and other global regions. Synthesizing research from the IndianOcean, including Maharashtra, and comparative data from the Pacific and Atlantic coasts, the study evaluates theirantimicrobial efficacy against pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli [1, 6], neuroprotective effectsvia sargaquinoic acid’s nerve growth factor activity [2, 7], and cardiovascular benefits through anti-inflammatory properties[3, 8]. Extraction techniques, such as methanol and ethanol solvent methods, and analytical approaches including HPLC andGC-MS, are analyzed to detail compound isolation and characterization [4, 9]. Regional studies highlight Sargassum wightiiand Sargassum tenerrimum in Maharashtra, revealing bioactive profiles influenced by monsoon-driven conditions [5, 10].Challenges, including limited local research and methodological inconsistencies, are discussed, alongside future prospectslike advanced analytics and sustainable cultivation [11]. This study consolidates evidence, identifies research gaps, andproposes directions for pharmaceutical innovation.