Suicidal behavior among learners: Preventive and intervention mechanisms as basis for policy recommendations

Suicide is a pressing global health concern and has become increasingly prevalent among Filipino youth, necessitating urgent preventive action. This study investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and preventive mechanisms of suicidal behavior among learners in five purposively selected DepEd divisions in region 10—Bukidnon, Cagayan de Oro City, Camiguin, Malaybalay, and Misamis Oriental—as a basis for policy recommendations. Using a qualitative research design, data were gathered through focus group discussions, interviews, and validated questionnaires administered to school heads, guidance counselors, teachers, parents, and learners. Results revealed that suicidal behavior was most prevalent among junior high school students, with females attempting suicide more frequently, while males recorded higher completion rates due to the use of more lethal methods. Identified risk factors included family-related issues such as parental absence and broken homes, experiences of abuse and trauma, socio-emotional instability, and academic pressure. Gaps were likewise observed in existing school interventions, particularly the shortage of licensed guidance counselors, the absence of consistent preventive programs, and weak referral mechanisms. To address these challenges, the study recommends multi-sectoral, gender-responsive strategies such as increasing the number of guidance counselors and social workers, revising qualification and workload standards, institutionalizing family engagement programs, and strengthening collaboration among schools, local government units, and national agencies to establish sustainable and culturally contextualized suicide prevention frameworks.