DIGITAL TWIN FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT: OPPORTUNITIES FOR KAZAKHSTAN AND MALAYSIA

Digital Twin (DT) technology is gaining recognition as a transformative solution for the energy sector, enabling real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and lifecycle optimization of infrastructure assets. For emerging economies such as Kazakhstan and Malaysia, where energy systems face pressures from rising demand, renewable integration, and sustainability goals, DT offers strategic benefits. This study examines DT in the context of Kazakhstan and Malaysia, two countries with shared challenges but different energy strategies. A systematic literature review (2018–2025) was conducted to evaluate DT applications across planning, design, construction, and operation stages. Results show that DT enhances forecasting, design optimization, and infrastructure management. It improves system efficiency, reduces downtime, and supports integration of cleaner energy sources. The analysis highlights DT as a flexible tool that adapts to national priorities and conditions. Findings confirm its role as a strategic enabler for sustainable energy development.