Total Energy Expression and Chemical Bonding in Hydrogen from The Prince Equation

We derive the total energy expression for hydrogen by properly maintaining the asymmetric scalar-vector nature of The Prince Equation. The requirement to treat radial (scalar from dot product) and tangential (vector from cross product) components differently leads to a total energy expression δE(T) = −hv(r) cosθ/[r(1 - sin θ)] with θ = n/(2π). This expression naturally creates confinement at n(max) = 8, explains hydrogen’s chemical reactivity through the n = 8 to 9 transition zone, and unifies covalent, ionic, and van der Waals bonding as different manifestations of the geometric transition from bound to free states.

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2025-10-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17304697
Primary Topic
Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis
Type
article
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article

Total Energy Expression and Chemical Bonding in Hydrogen from The Prince Equation

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis
article

Total Energy Expression and Chemical Bonding in Hydrogen from The Prince Equation

article en

Abstract

We derive the total energy expression for hydrogen by properly maintaining the asymmetric scalar-vector nature of The Prince Equation. The requirement to treat radial (scalar from dot product) and tangential (vector from cross product) components differently leads to a total energy expression δE(T) = −hv(r) cosθ/[r(1 - sin θ)] with θ = n/(2π). This expression naturally creates confinement at n(max) = 8, explains hydrogen’s chemical reactivity through the n = 8 to 9 transition zone, and unifies covalent, ionic, and van der Waals bonding as different manifestations of the geometric transition from bound to free states.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Affordable and clean energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 49%
Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis
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Total Energy Expression and Chemical Bonding in Hydrogen from The Prince Equation · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS