A Review on Brain Cancer

Brain cancer also refers as brain tumour. Brain tumours are caused by uncontrolled and rapid growth of cell. Detecting brain cancer is vitally important for saving lives. Brain tumour can be classified based on their origin, pace of development and stage of progression which helps in choosing the right treatment. Brain tumour segmentation aims to delineate accurately the areas of brain tumours. Brain tumours can be malignant (or) benign. Only about one-third of brain tumours are cancerous. But whether they are cancerous or not, they can impact brain functions. Brain tumours are common requiring general medical providers to have a basic understanding of their diagnosis and management. The most prevalent brain tumours are intra cranial metastases from systemic cancers, meningiomas, gliomas, specifically glioblastoma. Brain tumours are the most primitive, invasive and malignant in humans with poor survival. In recent years numerous studies have been carried out to identify new therapeutic protocols and tumour molecular markers capable to predict survival and response to treatment, the life expectancy of neuro-oncological patient is still very limited (24-36 months). About 33% of all brain tumours are gliomas, about 80% of the total malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumours in adult. Recently scientists showed that differentiated tumour cells may have the ability to differentiate acquiring to stem-like phenotype in response to microenvironment stresses such as hypoxia. In addition, the inter and intra-patient tumour heterogeneity causes several obstacles, limiting the improvement of an early diagnosis and treatment protocols.