Evaluation of the Prognostic Role of Leptin and Cyclin D1 Expression in Colorectal Cancer

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignancies worldwide. This study aimed to determine the role of leptin and cyclin D1 in CRC and their association with clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcomes of patients, and to compare them with normal tissues.Method: A retrospective study was carried out on 60 specimens classified as 8 normal colonic mucosae, 40 patients suspected to have CRC, and 12 colonic dysplasia (CD) and were evaluated in terms of tumor node metastases staging using multislice computerized tomography scan, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to calculate relative leptin mRNA expression level; and immunohistochemical staining was performed to study leptin and cyclin D1 expressions in CRC and CD versus the normal colonic mucosa. Normal mucosa was obtained by colonoscopy from patients for causes other than neoplasia or dysplasia. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 24 Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) with a significance value of P ≤ 0.05.Results: There was a significant association between leptin and cyclin D1 positive expressions and both CRC and CD. However, poor clinical outcome was significantly correlated with high positive leptin and cyclin D1 expressions detected in CRC patients. Cyclin D1 and leptin showed a strong association with greater histological grade, stage, positive LN, and distant metastases of CRC.Conclusion: Expressions of leptin and cyclin D1 are associated with colon disorders with unfavorable outcomes in colon cancer. New opportunities may emerge from the discovery of cross-talk between leptin and other oncogenic pathways in obesity-related cancers, with a particular focus on colon cancer.