Climate applications for food and safety: A review

Climate change continues to reshape environmental conditions across the globe as its impact on food safety and food systems has become increasingly urgent. Increasing temperatures, high precipitation, and intensified weather events pose direct and indirect threats to agricultural production, food processing, transportation, and storage. These climate-related disruptions introduce new food safety risks, exacerbate existing hazards, and challenge the integrity of supply chains. This review explores the dynamic intersection of climate science and food safety, highlighting both vulnerabilities and emerging adaptive strategies. It evaluates climate-smart agricultural technologies, predictive modeling tools, cold chain innovations, and interdisciplinary approaches aimed at strengthening the resilience of food systems. Case studies demonstrate practical applications in sectors such as dairy, grain storage, and fresh produce handling, while attention is also given to policy frameworks, international agreements, and certification systems that incorporate climate risk management. Challenges such as technological gaps, regulatory barriers, and inequities in resource access are critically analyzed. The paper concludes by outlining future research priorities, including artificial intelligence-driven forecasting, advanced traceability techniques, and capacity-building in climate-vulnerable regions. Through these integrated climate applications, food systems can transition from reactive to proactive risk management, enhancing food safety and nutritional security in an era of increasing climate variability.