NATIONAL AND GLOBAL MODELS OF MANAGING INNOVATION IN THE MINING INDUSTRY: MECHANISMS OF COMPARISON AND HARMONIZATION

Innovation management in the mining industry is a subject of growing theoretical and practical importance. From the perspective of innovation economics, two dominant conceptual traditions can be distinguished. The first derives from the Schumpeterian theory of innovation, which emphasizes the role of creative destruction, entrepreneurship, and technological upgrading as drivers of competitiveness [1]. The second is rooted in national innovation system theory, where state institutions, universities, and industry actors jointly shape innovation outcomes through policies, investments, and knowledge flows [2]. In the mining sector, which combines high capital intensity, environmental sensitivity, and strategic importance for industrial development, both models are evident in different national contexts.