New Forms of Identity Politics in Karnataka: The Role of Social Media

This research paper examines the emergence of digital identity politics in Karnataka, India, highlighting the transformative yet polarizing impact of social media platforms such as Twitter, WhatsApp, Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram. Historically rooted in caste hierarchies, linguistic pride, and religious pluralism, identity politics in Karnataka has shifted into a new phase where digital platforms amplify voices, shape narratives, and mobilize communities. Through case studies such as the Hijab controversy, Lingayat religious identity movement, Dalit activism, and Cauvery River disputes, the paper evaluates how online spaces simultaneously empower marginalized groups and fuel polarization. The analysis situates Karnataka’s digital political transformations in the broader context of India’s democratic discourse while assessing policy challenges related to misinformation, algorithmic biases, and governance. Findings suggest that while social media democratizes representation, unregulated digital ecosystems undermine social cohesion. The paper argues for inclusive digital literacy, participatory governance, and transparent regulatory frameworks to balance empowerment with stability in Karnataka’s democratic evolution.