Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Dental Clinics Waste in Karaj City, Iran

Background: In light of 21st-century environmental challenges and growing concerns over waste management, certain medical disciplines, particularly dentistry, exert a considerable environmental impact due to carbon emissions and waste generation. This study aimed to evaluate and analyze the types and quantities of waste produced by dental clinics in Karaj city. Methods: Sampling was conducted three times across 58 dental centers in Karaj, yielding a total of 174 samples. Waste materials were manually separated into 64 distinct components and subsequently categorized into four main groups based on their potential hazard. A digital scale with 0.01-gram precision was used to weigh each component. The average daily weights of each waste type were calculated, and the data were analyzed using Excel 2016. Results: The total annual dental waste generated in Karaj was estimated at 4,522.995 kg. Of this, infectious waste accounted for 38%, household-type waste for 36%, chemical and pharmaceutical waste for 16%, and toxic waste for 10%. The largest proportion of waste was attributable to infectious and household-like waste. Conclusion: Educating dentists on proper waste segregation, reduction, and recycling in accordance with health and environmental guidelines can prevent hazardous dental waste from being mixed with municipal solid waste. Such practices not only mitigate environmental pollution but also enhance the effectiveness of municipal waste management policies.