An Introduction to Solar Energy, Solar Radiation, and their Measurement Methods: A Review Study

The amount of solar radiation is one of the important climatic parameters that has a direct and close relationship with many hydrological and meteorological processes. This parameter is a fundamental element for designing and developing various solar energy systems and conducting applied solar energy research. To estimate the amount of solar radiation, researchers have proposed various models that eliminate the need for expensive equipment in meteorological stations. When measured data is not available, meteorological parameters such as maximum and minimum temperatures, wind speed, sunshine hours, rainfall, air pressure, and humidity can be used at different meteorological stations. In this review article, a series of research conducted in this field will be discussed.