Tooth Extraction in Medically Compromised Patients: Protocols and Precautions

Dental extraction is a common surgical procedure in dentistry but becomes a significant challenge when performed on patients with systemic medical conditions such as thalassemia, oral cancer, diabetes, and coagulation disorders. Due to the rising number of patients with chronic diseases and complex systemic treatments, precise evidence-based protocols are required to reduce risks such as bleeding, infection, and delayed healing. This study reviews recent international guidelines and literature to establish standardized protocols for safe tooth extraction in high-risk patients. The findings indicate that, in most cases, dental extractions can be performed without interrupting anticoagulant therapy when proper localized measures are applied. Furthermore, a multidisciplinary approach involving dentists, internists, and hematologists is essential to minimize complications. The proposed framework enhances clinical safety, supports informed decision-making, and strengthens evidence-based dental education in both university and clinical settings.