A Review Article on COPD

For being one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality globally and a growing health concern, our understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has significantly expanded in recent years. The illness is brought on by interplay between environmental exposures to harmful substances, such as cigarette smoking, occupational dust, air pollution, and childhood illnesses, and personal risk factors, such as enzyme deficiencies. Emphysema, luminal blockage with mucus secretions, and permanent constriction of small airways are the main factors that may lead to airflow limitation in COPD. COPD is currently seen as a complicated, systemic disease that is marked by a persistent inflammatory process in the pulmonary tissue, which differs from bronchial asthma in pattern and is linked to extrapulmonary consequences. One of the most public health problems impacting people 40 years of age or older is COPD. By 2020, it is expected to become the third most prevalent cause of deaths worldwide, increasing from its current ranking of fourth.