Optimized Single‐Shank Silicon Neural Probe for Neural Recording in Non‐Human Primates

Abstract The advancement of neural interface technologies enables high‐density, large‐scale recordings of neural activity at single‐neuron resolution, essential for elucidating complex brain circuits and computations. However, the structural complexity and tough meninges of non‐human primate (NHP) brains present significant challenges for conventional silicon‐based neural probes, often resulting in insufficient mechanical strength and unstable signal acquisition. In this study, single‐shank silicon neural probes are systematically optimized for NHP applications through probe handle layer reinforcement, precision tip sharpening, and microstructuring with iridium oxide (IrO x ) electrode modification. These combined strategies markedly improve mechanical robustness, membrane penetration, and electrochemical performance without increasing probe dimensions. Acute in vivo experiments in rhesus macaques demonstrate stable implantation, minimal cortical indentation, and reliable, high‐fidelity neural recordings at the single‐neuron level. This work provides a robust and practical solution for high‐quality, large‐scale neural recordings in NHPs, establishing a solid foundation for future advances in brain‐machine interfaces and systems neuroscience.