ENGLISH:PROPHET MUHAMMAD’S (PBUH) DIPLOMACY WITH THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND THE PERSIAN EMPIRE

The research article explores the diplomatic relationships that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) had with Byzantine and Persian empires in the 7th century, which was the time when there was a high level of geopolitical rivalry. It discusses his style of leadership based on spiritual leadership and political strategy which was grounded on peaceful communication as promoted in the Quran. The paper comparisons the themes and the result of the letters addressed to Emperor Heraclius of Byzantium and Shah Khosrow II of Persia, with the responses being noticeably different- Byzantium's fearful deference compared to the haughty refusal of Persia. The paper puts the diplomatic interactions into context in the overall falters and changes of the two empires. Finally, it claims that the diplomacy of the Prophet also established a fundamental basis on which Islam would relate with other world powers and integrate religious universalism with statecraft. The lessons include strategic patience and respectful dialogue, which were noted through the findings and are still applicable in the present day Islamic world in the context of diplomatic relations.