A Comprehensive Review on Tectona grandis and Its Medicinal Aspects

Tectona grandis L.f, widely known as teak, is not only valued for its durable timber but also for its broad medicinal importance across traditional healing systems. The plant contains diverse phytochemicals such as alkaloids, phenolic glycosides, and steroids. Growing scientific interest in teak has led to extensive studies aimed at isolating bioactive compounds and verifying their therapeutic roles. Different parts of the plant have been explored for multiple biological activities, including antioxidant, antipyretic, analgesic, hypoglycemic, wound-healing, and cytotoxic effects, among others. Bringing together this information is essential to provide a comprehensive reference that highlights both the pharmacological and phytochemical aspects of teak. This review compiles findings on chemical constituents, extraction and identification techniques, biological activity evaluations, toxicological studies, allergy-related reports, and associated patents. Such an overview may help researchers identify existing gaps and guide future investigations.