Analysis of the dependence of the signal attenuation level on distance using a logarithmic model

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of the relationship between radio signal attenuation and the distance between the transmitter and receiver in the VHF band using a logarithmic model. The experiments were conducted using portable Quansheng UV-K5 VHF radio transceivers on open, flat terrain under controlled conditions. To ensure measurement accuracy, the output power and the standing wave ratio (SWR) of the antenna-feeder system were monitored using an Nissei RS-40 meter. A mathematical model describing the pattern of signal level change with distance is proposed. The least squares method was used to determine the parameters of the regression equation. The conducted statistical analysis, including the calculation of the coefficient of determination, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and assessment of the significance of the regression coefficients, confirmed the high degree of adequacy of the developed model. The obtained results showed that the developed logarithmic model explains 89,3% of the variation in the signal attenuation level, which indicates its practical applicability. The significance of the regression model is confirmed by a high F-statistic value (F = 116,22), allowing this model to be used for engineering calculations in planning coverage areas for wireless communication systems. The research results can be applied to optimize equipment placement, design efficient radio communication systems, and for educational purposes in the study of radio wave propagation.