First Tolerance Boundaries Analysis of Defective Ga ₂ O ₃ Photodetector Arrays for Robust Compressed Sensing Imaging

This work presents the first systematic quantification of nonuniformity and nonlinearity effects in gallium oxide (Ga<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>O<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}_{{3}}\text {)}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> photodetector arrays and their specific impact on compressed sensing imaging performance. We fabricated an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times 8$</tex-math> </inline-formula> Ga<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>O<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> photodetector array and characterized its photoresponse, revealing a Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation of 0.146. Through the statistical modeling and computational analysis, we established quantitative relationships between device parameters and image reconstruction quality. Our findings indicate that achieving optimal imaging performance necessitates photodetector arrays with superior uniformity (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma \lt 0.05$</tex-math> </inline-formula>) and linearity (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha \gt 0.85$</tex-math> </inline-formula>). We further classified the imaging quality into distinct performance regions based on multiple metrics [peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and root-mean-square error (RMSE)], providing a comprehensive framework for quality assessment for Ga<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>O<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub>-based compressed sensing applications. Monte Carlo simulations confirm reconstructed image parameters exceeding 30-dB PSNR, 0.95 SSIM, and sub-10 RMSE when meeting the prescribed uniformity and linearity thresholds. This work offers the first quantitative fabrication tolerance guidelines for Ga<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>O<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> photodetector array cameras in compressed sensing imaging, offering essential References for ensuring imaging quality, with significant implications for solar-blind ultraviolet detection, environmental monitoring, and deep-space communications.