Community-based interventions for mental health: Bridging primary care and community approaches

Mental health is one of the important factor for human well-being and their productivity in society. However, the prevalence of mental illness in Indonesia is slightly high, due to increasingly stigma about mental disorders and lacking of mental health professional. In order to resolve these challenges, the role of general practitioners as a community leader in primary care is needed. This study aims to summarize various interventions in primary level, their procedure and the outcome for mental health in communities. This study used a literature review design based on secondary data from electronic database, such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect. There are 16 articles required after screening by PRISMA 2020 and met the inclusion criteria. The results of this study is community-based program for mental health could be conducted in three ways: mental health programs such as Mindfulness-Based Program, Family intervention, Emotional Resilience Skills Training, and School-based intervention; mental health tools using chatbot AI; and the combined of both programs and tools: SMART Mental Health. Some of these interventions proved effective to reduce sign and symptoms of mental illness, especially depression and anxiety disorder. Further research is needed to analyze mental health outcome of each interventions and to improve the applicability of those programs in Indonesia with various challenges like cultural diversity, stigma and limited mental health resources.