Gene Therapy and Stem Cells in Cochlear Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) remains a significant clinical challenge due to the limited regenerative capacity of cochlear cells in mammals. Recent advancements in gene therapy and stem cell technologies offer promising avenues for cochlear regeneration. This review synthesizes current research on the application of gene therapy and stem cells in cochlear regeneration, focusing on their mechanisms, therapeutic potentials, and clinical implications. We explore the roles of various stem cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and discuss gene editing strategies aimed at restoring cochlear function. The review also addresses the challenges and future directions in this field, emphasizing the need for further research to translate these therapies into clinical practice.