Rabies beyond dogs: the overlooked risk in livestock farmings

Rabies causes an estimated 59,000 deaths annually, with developing countries such as India bearing the heaviest burden. While dogs remain the primary source of human infections, the disease also affects cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats, threatening rural livelihoods and causing major economic losses. Farmers and farmworkers face particularly high occupational risks due to close contact with animals, making rabies both a public health and economic challenge. Outbreaks in countries like Brazil and India underscore the urgent need for integrated solutions. Adopting a One Health approach—combining veterinary care, public health initiatives, and community participation—can strengthen prevention efforts. Key measures include vaccination, awareness programs, prompt reporting, and effective surveillance. Such a comprehensive strategy not only saves lives but also safeguards food security, rural economies, and community well-being.