The Genius of Caliph Umar ibn Al-Khattab in Governance and Administration

This study highlights the exceptional administrative and governance genius of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab, who established an integrated governmental system. He also established precise standards for selecting governors who are committed to justice. The study highlights his leadership approach, characterized by continuous consultation (Shura) with others, attention to public welfare through institutions such as Hisba (Commanding Good and Forbidding Evil) and market supervision, and personal adherence to asceticism and humility, while ensuring accountability. These qualities made his caliphate a unique model of righteous governance in Islamic history. To achieve its objectives, the study employed historical and descriptive-analytical methodologies. The study yielded significant findings, most notably concerning equality and tolerance, where Umar established justice between citizens and governors, guaranteed freedom of expression, and exempted impoverished People of the Book (Ahl al-Dhimmah) from jizya payments, demonstrating his remarkable fairness and inclusive governance. Abbreviations: - May Allah's blessings and peace be upon him (PBUH) - May Allah be pleased with him/her/them (RA)