How women are changing the fashion industry in the middle east? A literature review approach

The fashion industry in the Middle East is experiencing a profound transformation, largely driven by the rising participation and leadership of women. This review paper explores how women across the region are reshaping fashion through cultural expression, modest style innovation, entrepreneurship, and digital influence. Drawing on literature from Scopus and Web of Science databases, the paper synthesizes findings across five thematic areas: women and cultural identity, the modest fashion movement, female entrepreneurship, social media influence, and fashion’s role in redefining gender norms. The analysis reveals that fashion is not merely a form of dress but a medium through which Middle Eastern women assert agency, negotiate tradition, and contribute to social change. Female designers and influencers are blending heritage with modern aesthetics, launching fashion startups, and using digital platforms to redefine visibility and femininity. Despite progress, research gaps remain, particularly in underrepresented communities, grassroots fashion economies, and longitudinal gender studies. This paper offers practical implications for designers, educators, policymakers, and entrepreneurs, and proposes a future research agenda to support inclusive and sustainable fashion development. By centering women’s voices and actions, the study highlights fashion as a powerful force of cultural innovation and empowerment in a region balancing tradition with transformation.