GREEN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY: SUSTAINABLE METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION APPROACHES

Background: Green Analytical Chemistry is an extension of the broader principles of green chemistry, which emerged in the 1990s. Green chemistry aims to design chemical processes and products that reduce or eliminate the use of hazardous substances. Similarly, GAC applies these principles specifically to analytical methods. Main Body: Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) has emerged as a pivotal discipline in the quest for sustainable and environmentally responsible analytical practices. The present review article gives a comprehensive exploration of GAC, covering its principles, techniques, applications, challenges, and future directions. GAC principles, such as the reduction of hazardous materials and waste, enhanced energy efficiency, minimized environmental, and the promotion of green solvents and reagents, underpin its significance. Various green sample preparation methods, including solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) and liquid-phase micro extraction (LPME), was discussed, showcasing their potential in minimizing environmental impact. Green chromatography, spectroscopic, electro analytical techniques, and innovations in sustainable instrument design was examined. Applications of GAC in environmental monitoring, food safety, pharmaceutical analysis, green chemistry, and its promising future in emerging fields was highlighted. Despite its substantial progress, GAC faces challenges concerning analytical limitations, regulatory acceptance, education, and global collaboration. However, the field's promising future trends, such as AI integration and circular economy analysis, demonstrate its potential to further enhance sustainable development. GAC's crucial role in advancing environmental stewardship was underscored, as it covers the way for a more eco-conscious and responsible future in analytical chemistry. Conclusion: Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) represents a crucial evolution in the field of analytical science, reflecting a growing commitment to sustainability and environmental responsibility. By incorporating principles of green chemistry into analytical practices, GAC aims to minimize environmental impact, enhance safety, and improve efficiency without compromising the accuracy or reliability of analytical results.