Seasonal Variations in the Chemical and Physical Properties of the Euphrates River in Saqlawiya

This study investigates the physicochemical characteristics of the Euphrates River in Al-Saqlawiya, Anbar, during the winter to summer seasons (October 2022 - July 2023). Water samples were collected from five sites, and parameters including temperature, turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, and chlorides were analyzed. Mean values for these parameters varied across the seasons, with the highest values for temperature (29.56°C), turbidity (3.12 NTU), and electrical conductivity (1535.8 μS/cm) observed during the summer. In contrast, the lowest values for these parameters were observed during the winter (18.4°C, 1.11 NTU, and 1399.6 μS/cm, respectively). These findings provide valuable insights into the seasonal variations in the water quality of the Euphrates River, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and management strategies to ensure its sustainability.