Modern Concepts of Pathogenetic Aspects of Low Extremity Varicose Vein Disease and Role of Bioflavonoids in its Correction

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of chronic venous diseases (CVeD) is 67.5% among the world population, which permits considering the disease the most common problem of the cardiovascular system. A significant role in varicose transformation of the lower extremity veins is played by genetic predisposition (the FOXC2 gene and MCP-1 gene), as well as leukocyte-endothelial interaction. According to many studies, diosmin is the basis for many venoactive drugs possessing proven clinical effectiveness. The role of hesperidin remains open and requires additional investigations in this area. A search of bibliographic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar) was conducted from May 1, 2024 to October 4, 2024 for the past 5–7 years. The articles reporting clinical trials were selected, reviews, meta-analyses and personal bibliographies of experts. CONCLUSIONS: The exact etiopathogenetic mechanisms of varicose veins of lower extremity remain incompletely studied today, however, this problem deserves much attention in view of its prevalence. Diosmin is the best described and most widely spread bioflavonoid, however, hesperidin molecule included as a component into many combined medical drugs, possesses its inherent clinical effects that can influence vein-specific inflammation.