STUDY ON ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS AMONG FARMERS IN FOUR RURAL AREAS OF GADAG TALUK, KARNATAKA, INDIA

Introduction: Agriculture, employing over 1.3 billion globally and 60% of India’s workforce, is vital to the economy but remains one of the most hazardous sectors. Farmers face numerous occupational risks, including injuries, musculoskeletal disorders, pesticide poisoning, and biological hazards. India reports over 7.6 lakh agricultural accidents annually, with 45,000 fatalities. Karnataka, with agriculture as a primary occupation for millions, contributes significantly to India's horticulture and milk production. Despite its importance, the sector poses serious health threats due to physical, chemical, biological, and psychological factors. by this background, this study aims to assess the occupational hazards among farmers in rural areas of Gadag Taluk, and to assess the precautionary measures taken in preventing injuries and health problems among farmers. Objectives 1 To assess the Occupational Hazards among Farmers in the Rural areas of Gadag Taluk. 2 To assess the Precautionary measures taken in preventing injuries and health problems in farmers. Methodology: A field-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four villages of Gadag Taluk (Kurthkoti, Hulkoti, Binkadakatti, and Chikkahandigola) among 300 farmers, selected using convenience sampling. The study included farm laborers and dirt farmers, aiming to assess occupational hazards and preventive measures. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire through interviews. Sample size was calculated using the formula n = 4pq/d² based on a 25% prevalence rate and 5% allowable error. Data were analyzed using SPSS for frequencies and percentages. Ethical clearance was obtained from the university's Ethical Committee, and permissions were secured before data collection. Results: The study revealed that most farmers were male (59.3%), aged above 50 years (35%), and illiterate (72%), with common health issues such as knee pain (57.7%), low back pain (48.3%), fatigue (45.3%), and headache (47%). The use of protective measures was low, with safety boots (43%), gloves (57.3%), masks (56%), and glasses (28%) being the most commonly used. Village-wise, Hulkoti showed higher awareness and training (98.3% aware of emergency response), while older farmers reported more health issues across all villages. Conclusion: Overall, the study participants reported a high prevalence of occupational health problems associated with farming activities. Common issues such as knee pain, shoulder pain, low back pain, and dehydration were frequently observed across the four rural villages of Gadag Taluk. These health concerns are largely attributed to the inadequate use of precautionary measures during various farming operations.