ROBOTICS IN BIOMEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING: INNOVATIONS IN POPULATION-LEVEL CARE

Robotics has emerged as a transformative force in biomedical sciences and public health engineering, offering innovative solutions for population level health care. From surgical robots to autonomous disinfection units and vaccine delivery drones, robotics is addressing challenges in both clinical and community settings. In biomedical applications, robotic-assisted surgeries enhance precision and minimize recovery times, while rehabilitation robots improve mobility outcomes in stroke and injury patients. In public health, robots are deployed for tasks such as remote monitoring, sanitation in high risk areas, and supply chain management during epidemics. During the COVID-19 pandemic, robotic technologies played critical roles in contactless screening, sample collection, and surveillance, significantly reducing human exposure. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning further amplifies the capabilities of robotic systems, enabling predictive analytics, real time decision making, and scalability across diverse environments. Moreover, robotic platforms support mass immunization drives and emergency medical responses, enhancing healthcare accessibility in underserved areas. Despite challenges in cost, policy, and ethical considerations, the synergy between robotics, biomedical innovation, and public health infrastructure promises a paradigm shift toward proactive, efficient, and equitable care at the population level.