Phonetic Diversity in Arabic Dialects: A Comparative Analysis of Tha', Jeem, ḏāl, Qaf, and Kaf

Abstract This research examines the variations in Arabic dialects across different geographical areas, focusing on five letters— ثTHA’, جJEEM, قQAF, كKAF— and ذḏāl which exhibit distinct and controversial pronunciation differences. These differences often vary significantly between countries and sometimes within regions of the same country. The study identifies the historical, social, and geographic factors contributing to the diversification of Arabic dialects. Keywords: bedouin, SA, levant, Arabic dialects, pronunciation, phonetic variation, tha’, jeem, qaf, kaf, ḏāl.