Some biochemical parameters as predictors of COVID-19: c-reactive protein, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, AST, ALT, ferritin, creatinine, and urea

The COVID-19 pandemic has infiltrated over 200 countries and negatively affected over three million people with confirmed cases. Biomarkers played a role in detecting this disease and determining its severity. This study aims to review various biomarkers to assess whether they can predict the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 and their correlation. As well as to determine the disease severity based on the patient’s age and gender. A prospective study was applied to a sample of hospitalized patients who were laboratory- and clinically confirmed to be infected with COVID-19 of both sexes, aged 10-70 years, from March 15 to October 15, 2021. A blood sample of 5 ml was taken from each patient to perform the following biomarkers: C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, AST, ALT, ferritin, creatinine, and urea. Results: The results of the study show that the means of studied biomarkers, including LDH (412.02), ferritin (411.96), CRP (22.53), PCT (0.02), urea (54.47), creatinine (1.63), AST (41.29), IL6 (25.49), and D-dimer (1044.94), rise significantly among patients compared to non-diseased persons. The study concluded that a rise in levels of any of the biomarkers, including PCT, CRP, LDH, D-DIMER, AST, ALT, Ferritin, Urea, IL-6 and Creatinine, were all significantly associated with COVID-19 cases, and older patients were found to be more susceptible to severe and critical cases of coronavirus disease.