TILLING and Eco-TILLING Approaches to discover induced mutations on three cowpea varieties

Background: This study investigates the application of TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) and Eco-TILLING techniques to identify induced mutations in three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties. Cowpea, a protein-rich legume, is essential for soil protection and fertility through nitrogen fixation. However, its cultivation is often impeded by various biotic and abiotic stresses, including salinity, drought, and toxic heavy metals. To enhance cowpea's stress tolerance, both conventional and molecular breeding methods are employed. Results: The experiment was conducted at the IAEA Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory in Seibersdorf, Austria, using irradiated cowpea seeds from Senegal. TILLING and Eco-TILLING methods were employed to detect mutations in mutant and natural populations using EST markers. The results indicate that mutant populations exhibit mutation frequencies suitable for high-throughput TILLING operations, with mutation densities varying according to irradiation doses and environmental conditions. Gamma-ray-induced mutations generated significant genetic diversity, which is beneficial for varietal selection. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of TILLING and Eco-TILLING methods in improving cowpea's tolerance to abiotic stresses and optimizing its agronomic yield.