Zionism, Resistance, And The Quest For Peace In The Middle East

This article examines the causes of the Israeli–Palestinian and broader Israeli–Arab conflict by analysing the historical, moral, and political dimensions of both Jewish/Israeli and Arab positions. On the Israeli side, it explores the evolution of Zionism and Revisionist Zionism into a doctrine aimed at securing Israeli control over Palestine west of the Jordan River and reinforcing American–Israeli influence in the Middle East. On the Arab side, it contrasts the conflict-resolution approaches of the Moderate Sunni states and the predominantly Shia-led ‘Axis of Resistance’, focusing on four pivotal milestones: the 1948 Nakba, the rise and decline of pan-Arabism, the 1979 Camp David Agreement, and the 2002 Arab Peace Initiative (Beirut Declaration).