Association of Glycemic Status, Serum Potassium and Serum Magnesium Levels with Arrhythmia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Care Setting

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with significant cardiovascular complications, including arrhythmias. This study aimed to assess the association of glycemic control, serum potassium, and serum magnesium levels with the occurrence of arrhythmia in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a tertiary care center. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of glycemic control, serum potassium, and serum magnesium levels with the occurrence of arrhythmia in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a tertiary care center. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2013 at the Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, and Neurology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka. One hundred adults with type 2 diabetes and arrhythmia symptoms underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring. Data included clinical history, ECG, and lab tests (glucose, HbA1c, electrolytes, thyroid). Arrhythmias were classified; analysis used SPSS v10 with significance at p < 0.05. Results: Poor glycemic control (mean 2ABF 14.15 mmol/L, HbA1c 8.61%) was linked to higher ectopy. Patients with 2ABF ≥10 mmol/L had more ventricular (5596 vs. 3601; p = 0.016) and supraventricular ectopics (8266 vs. 4877; p = 0.010), showing a clear association between postprandial hyperglycemia and arrhythmia burden. Conclusion: Poor glycemic control and electrolyte imbalance, particularly low potassium, are significantly associated with increased arrhythmic burden in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.