Impacts of the Inappropriate Use of Pesticides in Family Farming: Case Study in the Pateguane Lowland – Morrumbene, Mozambique

This study aims to analyze the effects of the inappropriate use of pesticides in agriculture practiced by farmers in the Pateguane Lowland, Morrumbene District. Specifically, it seeks to verify the concentrations used in preparation and application, the environmental impacts, and the effects on the health of exposed farmers. The data reveal that incorrect pesticide use represents a serious risk to public health and the environment. The majority of the 60 farmers surveyed, use the pesticides at higher concentrations than recommended, due to inadequate dilution, which increases the toxicity of the solutions. The pesticides identified in use included cypermethrin, acetamiprid, carbaryl, and methamidophos. Notably, cypermethrin is classified as a Class II (moderately hazardous) substance according to WHO standards, while methamidophos is prohibited due to its high toxicity and potential harm to human health and ecosystems. None of the farmers were observed using personal protective equipment (PPE), leading to direct exposure to hazardous chemicals. Moreover, 100% of the farmers reported not using personal protective equipment (PPE), directly exposing themselves to contamination. Symptoms of poisoning were reported by many: 58.4% with allergies, 30% with dizziness, and 11.6% with headaches. The disposal of empty packaging is done improperly: 45% leave them exposed to the open air, 38.3% bury them, and 16.7% burn them, practices that contribute to soil, water, and air pollution. A lack of technical training, supervision, and proper guidance was also observed, exacerbating the risks.