Vitamin D status in women with physiological pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by placental insufficiency

Vitamin D deficiency represents a significant global concern among pregnant women, with prevalence rates varying from 28% to 96%, depending on the region. Over 65% of pregnant women experience suboptimal levels of vitamin D, which can affect maternal and fetal health outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the status of vitamin D in women with physiological pregnancy and in those with pregnancy complicated by placental insufficiency. A total of 120 pregnant women participated, with 60 having physiological pregnancies and 60 diagnosed with placental insufficiency. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Women with placental insufficiency exhibited significantly lower vitamin D levels compared to those with physiological pregnancies (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a higher prevalence of severe deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was observed in the placental insufficiency group. Analysis of dietary habits revealed insufficient intake of vitamin D-rich foods and limited sun exposure among participants. The results underscore the importance of early detection and correction of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy, particularly in cases complicated by placental insufficiency. Adequate vitamin D supplementation and lifestyle modifications could improve pregnancy outcomes and reduce the risk of adverse effects associated with deficiency. Further research is warranted to determine optimal supplementation strategies for pregnant women in different populations.