Geological Characteristics and Geoheritage Significance of Mud Diapiric Provinces in Iran

Mud volcanoes are unique diapiric features located in southeastern Iran's Mokran region and the South Caspian area. This study aims to determine the geological settings of mud diapiric regions in Iran. Using tectonic analysis and remote sensing techniques, we identified and delineated the mud diapiric provinces of Iran. The mud diapirism in southeastern Iran, including the Khash-Bazman and Coastal Mokran provinces, is predominantly tectonically driven, while in northern Iran, including the South Caspian and North Gorgan provinces, buoyant mechanisms play a significant role. Additionally, the specialized water cycle associated with the subduction zones at the margins of Iran is integral to the development of these features. These geological phenomena contribute significantly to the geoheritage of Iran, emphasizing their importance for scientific research, ecological conservation, and sustainable tourism. It is also possible to raise people’s awareness through promotion of scientific and cultural education and geoconservation, about the fact that lack of protection of natural resources leads to the depletion of geological resources and, on the other hand it is a serious threat to the geological heritage of the Earth. This is possible by providing information and training skills through which more forward-looking and correct decisions can be made.