Ultrasonographic Appearance of Urinary Bladder Schistosomiasis in an Adolescent Male: A Case Report

Abstract: Schistosomiasis is a disease predominantly caused by Schistosoma haematobium particularly in endemic areas with ultrasound identified as a valuable tool in its identification. The features of urinary bladder schistosomiasis may include bladder wall thickening, polypoid lesions or masses, bladder wall calcification, reduced bladder capacity, bladder mass mimicking malignancy, hydroureter and hydronephrosis, echoes and debri with strands in urine. Urinary bladder schistosomiasis is diagnosed by detecting the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium in urine parasitologically. The use of ultrasound is for assisted diagnosis, monitoring treatment and detecting complications. This is an 18-year-old male patient who was referred from a health facility for abdominal and pelvic ultrasound on account of dysuria, increased frequency of micturition, passage bloody urine for a period of more than 1 year. The ultrasound demonstrated a urinary bladder with circumferential wall thickening of about 12mm, circumferential wall calcification, and multiple areas of mucosal thickening with multiple mucosal pedunculated polys measuring between 10-12mm in length. Multiple mobile echoes were also noted in urine most likely hematoma. The kidneys and both ureters appeared normal. The patient had a laboratory report confirming the presence of eggs of Schistosoma hematobium in urine. The presence of the clinical history, laboratory report and ultrasonographic features prompted the diagnosis of urinary bladder schistosomiasis. We present a case of urinary bladder schistosomiasis with classical ultrasonographic features in an 18-year-old male.