The history and genesis of the institution of fundamental human rights

This article is dedicated to exploring the history and genesis of the institution of fundamental human rights, highlighting key moments and documents that have contributed to their development. The concept of fundamental rights is viewed as a set of rights and freedoms rooted in ancient philosophy and religion. The system of fundamental human rights has developed through a complex process influenced by numerous ideologies and historical events. From ancient and medieval concepts, through the Enlightenment and the revolutions of the 18th century, to the establishment of universal principles in the 20th century, human rights have served as key pillars of justice and human dignity. Understanding this historical process is essential for recognizing and protecting these rights today and in the future.