Enhancement of an energy efficient wireless sensor network using position responsive routing protocol

A protocol for position-responsive routing (PRRP) was developed dynamically to minimize the maximum distance between nodes and gateways/cluster heads, for maximum energy utilization of a deployed wireless sensor node. A tree routing technique was employed to display notable gains in key performance metrics. Network Simulator (NS3) software was utilized to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the suggested technique using two selected conventional techniques: LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) and PEGASIS (Power Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System). The node energy efficiency of the proposed PRRP was obtained as 0.3881J, LEACH as 0.2249J and PEGASIS as 0.2755J. The total energy remaining after 100 second iteration process was evaluated as 19.4060J, 11.2490J and 13.7745J for PPRP, LEACH and PEGASIS respectively. The result obtained showed that PRRP achieved a 63% energy efficiency improvement over LEACH and 41% over PEGASIS, demonstrating superior energy conservation capabilities.