The Oracy–Literacy Connection: How Talking Shapes Reading and Writing

Oracy (the ability to speak and listen well) and literacy (reading and writing) are deeply intertwined: spoken language serves as the foundation for written language. From infancy, children learn to communicate by talking; this rich verbal experience builds the vocabulary and comprehension needed for reading and writing later on. Research shows that children with more varied and complex talk at home or in school tend to become stronger readers and writers. For example, students who discuss stories, explain ideas aloud, or engage in group dialogue often develop better understanding and confidence that translate into literacy gains. Throughout early childhood, primary school, and adult education, approaches that integrate speaking and listening with reading and writing – such as shared story discussions or talk-for-writing exercises – have proven highly effective. This article reviews evidence across age groups, highlights classroom strategies, and discusses why a comprehensive treatment of this topic is needed to inform and engage readers fully.