Corporate misogyny in business environment: a review of structural, cultural, and institutional factors

Misogyny in the business sector undermines gender equality and hampers economic and ethical progress. This study offers a theoretical academic examination of misogyny in modern business, using Kazakhstan as a case example. Utilizing data from the past five years, it analyzes how structural factors (including laws, policies, and economic systems), cultural values, and institutional practices within corporations, SMEs, and startups (particularly in finance and technology) perpetuate ongoing gender bias. The analysis reveals that even with Kazakhstan’s pledges to gender equality, women still encounter considerable obstacles. Ultimately, the paper presents policy suggestions designed to break down misogynistic frameworks and enhance gender equality in Kazakhstan's business landscape, impacting wider corporate ethics and management practices.